spring cloud Zuul网关参数调优

最近遇到zuul上面的调优，记录下

 

参数调优

zuul网关的参数调优，有以下几个方面：容器、zuul、hystrix、ribbon、feign等，下面一一说明。

容器（tomcat）

以tomcat为例，调整max-threads、min-spare-threads、max-connections、max-http-header-size。具体值可自行根据压力测试结果，逐步调整。

1.  
   server:
2.  
   tomcat:
3.  
   max-threads: 2000
4.  
   min-spare-threads: 400
5.  
   max-connections: 30000
6.  
   max-http-header-size: 10MB

 

zuul

调整host相关参数，max-per-route-connections、max-total-connections、connect-timeout-millis、socket-timeout-millis、connection-request-timeout-millis、time-to-live。如果需要改变时间单位，可调整time-unit参数。

1.  
   zuul:
2.  
   host:
3.  
   max-per-route-connections: 500
4.  
   max-total-connections: 6000
5.  
   connect-timeout-millis: 70000
6.  
   socket-timeout-millis: 60000
7.  
   # connection-request-timeout-millis: -1
8.  
   # time-to-live: -1
9.  
   # time-unit: milliseconds

 

调整hystrix相关参数

zuul中hystrix默认隔离策略为SEMAPHORE。如hystrix隔离策略使用线程池，需要调整ribbon-isolation-strategy参数为THREAD。如果为信号量，则为SEMAPHORE。如隔离策略为THREAD，则需要配置hystrix相关参数（见下面章节）。如隔离策略为SEMAPHORE，可通过调整zuul.semaphore.max-semaphores实现。

1.  
   zuul:
2.  
   # hystrix 隔离策略
3.  
   ribbon-isolation-strategy: thread
4.  
   # zuul hystrix semaphore配置
5.  
   # semaphore:
6.  
   # max-semaphores: 5000
7.  
   ​
8.  
   # zuul hystrix thread pool配置
9.  
   ​
10.  
    # thread-pool:
11.  
    # use-separate-thread-pools: false
12.  
    # thread-pool-key-prefix: test-

 

hystrix

默认隔离策略为THREAD。通过参数hystrix.command.default.execution.isolation.strategy调整。其它详细配置，可以参见HystrixCommandProperties。

1.  
   hystrix:
2.  
   command:
3.  
   default:
4.  
   execution:
5.  
   isolation:
6.  
   strategy: THREAD

THREAD隔离策略下，需优化coreSize、maximumSize、maxQueueSize，具体值可通过压力测试结果，逐步调整。

1.  
   # hystrix 默认线程池配置
2.  
   threadpool:
3.  
   default:
4.  
   coreSize: 600
5.  
   maximumSize: 1000
6.  
   maxQueueSize: -1

另外，需要优化timeoutInMilliseconds值。

1.  
   hystrix:
2.  
   command:
3.  
   default:
4.  
   execution:
5.  
   isolation:
6.  
   thread:
7.  
   timeoutInMilliseconds: 300000

 

ribbon

需优化MaxConnectionsPerHost、MaxTotalConnections、ConnectTimeout、ReadTimeout、MaxAutoRetries、MaxAutoRetriesNextServer。注意，其中的ConnectTimeout、ReadTimeout、MaxAutoRetries、MaxAutoRetriesNextServer事关hystrix.timeoutInMilliseconds计算，具体参见文章Hystrix超时时间小于ribbon超时时间报错中的介绍。详细配置，可参见DefaultClientConfigImpl、IClientConfig、IClientConfigKey。

1.  
   ribbon:
2.  
   MaxConnectionsPerHost: 500
3.  
   MaxTotalConnections: 2000
4.  
   ConnectTimeout: 60000
5.  
   ReadTimeout: 60000
6.  
   # MaxAutoRetries: 0
7.  
   # MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1

 

feign

首先需要优化feign客户端配置中的connectTimeout、readTimeout。详细配置参见FeignClientConfiguration。

1.  
   feign:
2.  
   hystrix:
3.  
   enabled: true
4.  
   client:
5.  
   config:
6.  
   default:
7.  
   connectTimeout: 60000
8.  
   readTimeout: 40000
9.  
   loggerLevel: full

如果需要单独为某服务设置，可将服务名替换掉default即可。

1.  
   feign:
2.  
   hystrix:
3.  
   enabled: true
4.  
   client:
5.  
   config:
6.  
   xmall-auth:
7.  
   connectTimeout: 60000
8.  
   readTimeout: 40000
9.  
   loggerLevel: full

关于feign.client实现方式，可选择okhttp。但是，无论选择哪种实现方式，均需优化connection-timeout、max-connections、max-connections-per-route。以okhttp为例：

1.  
   feign:
2.  
   httpclient:
3.  
   enabled: false
4.  
   connection-timeout: 60000
5.  
   max-connections: 2000
6.  
   max-connections-per-route: 500
7.  
   # 启用okhttp
8.  
   okhttp:
9.  
   enabled: true

 

最终配置

以本系列工程为例，根据压力SOAPUI 60s 并发压力测试结果，调整后的参数如下，笔者尝试的结果是：60s 10000线程，8G内存，单台示例，可无压力。

1.  
   server:
2.  
   port: 5566
3.  
   tomcat:
4.  
   max-threads: 2000
5.  
   min-spare-threads: 400
6.  
   max-connections: 30000
7.  
   max-http-header-size: 10MB
8.  
   ​
9.  
   zuul:
10.  
    prefix: /gateway
11.  
    sensitive-headers:
12.  
    routes:
13.  
    auth:
14.  
    path: /auth/**
15.  
    service-id: xmall-auth
16.  
    strip-prefix: true
17.  
    product:
18.  
    path: /product/**
19.  
    service-id: xmall-product
20.  
    strip-prefix: true
21.  
    host:
22.  
    max-per-route-connections: 500
23.  
    max-total-connections: 6000
24.  
    connect-timeout-millis: 70000
25.  
    socket-timeout-millis: 60000
26.  
    # connection-request-timeout-millis: -1
27.  
    # time-to-live: -1
28.  
    # time-unit: milliseconds
29.  
    # hystrix 隔离策略
30.  
    ribbon-isolation-strategy: thread
31.  
    # zuul hystrix semaphore配置
32.  
    # semaphore:
33.  
    # max-semaphores: 5000
34.  
    ​
35.  
    # zuul hystrix thread pool配置
36.  
    ​
37.  
    # thread-pool:
38.  
    # use-separate-thread-pools: false
39.  
    # thread-pool-key-prefix: test-
40.  
    ​
41.  
    hystrix:
42.  
    command:
43.  
    default:
44.  
    execution:
45.  
    isolation:
46.  
    strategy: THREAD
47.  
    thread:
48.  
    timeoutInMilliseconds: 300000
49.  
    # hystrix 默认线程池配置
50.  
    threadpool:
51.  
    default:
52.  
    coreSize: 600
53.  
    maximumSize: 1000
54.  
    maxQueueSize: -1
55.  
    ​
56.  
    # hystrix 服务自定义线程池配置
57.  
    # xmall-auth:
58.  
    # coreSize: 600
59.  
    # maximumSize: 1000
60.  
    # maxQueueSize: -1
61.  
    ​
62.  
    # ribbon配置
63.  
    ribbon:
64.  
    MaxConnectionsPerHost: 500
65.  
    MaxTotalConnections: 2000
66.  
    ConnectTimeout: 60000
67.  
    ReadTimeout: 60000
68.  
    ​
69.  
    security:
70.  
    oauth2:
71.  
    resource:
72.  
    user-info-uri: http://localhost:7777/oauth/user
73.  
    prefer-token-info: false
74.  
    ​
75.  
    feign:
76.  
    hystrix:
77.  
    enabled: true
78.  
    client:
79.  
    config:
80.  
    default:
81.  
    connectTimeout: 60000
82.  
    readTimeout: 40000
83.  
    loggerLevel: full
84.  
    httpclient:
85.  
    enabled: false
86.  
    connection-timeout: 60000
87.  
    max-connections: 2000
88.  
    max-connections-per-route: 500
89.  
    # 启用okhttp
90.  
    okhttp:
91.  
    enabled: true
92.  
    ​
93.  
    management:
94.  
    endpoints:
95.  
    web:
96.  
    exposure:
97.  
    include: '*'